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31

Ga

Gallium

Atomic Mass

69.723

Element Profile

GALLIUM

Post-transition metal

CriticalGenesis 12 ActiveQ2 2026 Reviewed

Gallium is strategic for compound semiconductors, RF systems, radar, telecom, LEDs, and power electronics.

Launch Engine

Periodic Context

Current elementConnected elementsGenesis 12 active
H
HeLi
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
AlSi
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
CoNiCu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Hf
TaW
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn
Nh
Fl
Mc
Lv
Ts
Og

Gallium (Ga) sits in Group 13, connecting to semiconductor and high-performance system materials across electronics, energy, defense, and aerospace value chains.

Fiji: modeled context not active yetTanzania: modeled context not active yetW. Sahara: modeled context not active yetCanada: modeled context not active yetUnited States of America: modeled supply contextKazakhstan: modeled context not active yetUzbekistan: modeled context not active yetPapua New Guinea: modeled context not active yetIndonesia: modeled context not active yetArgentina: modeled context not active yetChile: modeled context not active yetDem. Rep. Congo: modeled context not active yetSomalia: modeled context not active yetKenya: modeled context not active yetSudan: modeled context not active yetChad: modeled context not active yetHaiti: modeled context not active yetDominican Rep.: modeled context not active yetRussia: modeled supply contextBahamas: modeled context not active yetFalkland Is.: modeled context not active yetNorway: modeled context not active yetGreenland: modeled context not active yetFr. S. Antarctic Lands: modeled context not active yetTimor-Leste: modeled context not active yetSouth Africa: modeled context not active yetLesotho: modeled context not active yetMexico: modeled context not active yetUruguay: modeled context not active yetBrazil: modeled context not active yetBolivia: modeled context not active yetPeru: modeled context not active yetColombia: modeled context not active yetPanama: modeled context not active yetCosta Rica: modeled context not active yetNicaragua: modeled context not active yetHonduras: modeled context not active yetEl Salvador: modeled context not active yetGuatemala: modeled context not active yetBelize: modeled context not active yetVenezuela: modeled context not active yetGuyana: modeled context not active yetSuriname: modeled context not active yetFrance: modeled context not active yetEcuador: modeled context not active yetPuerto Rico: modeled context not active yetJamaica: modeled context not active yetCuba: modeled context not active yetZimbabwe: modeled context not active yetBotswana: modeled context not active yetNamibia: modeled context not active yetSenegal: modeled context not active yetMali: modeled context not active yetMauritania: modeled context not active yetBenin: modeled context not active yetNiger: modeled context not active yetNigeria: modeled context not active yetCameroon: modeled context not active yetTogo: modeled context not active yetGhana: modeled context not active yetCôte d'Ivoire: modeled context not active yetGuinea: modeled context not active yetGuinea-Bissau: modeled context not active yetLiberia: modeled context not active yetSierra Leone: modeled context not active yetBurkina Faso: modeled context not active yetCentral African Rep.: modeled context not active yetCongo: modeled context not active yetGabon: modeled context not active yetEq. Guinea: modeled context not active yetZambia: modeled context not active yetMalawi: modeled context not active yetMozambique: modeled context not active yeteSwatini: modeled context not active yetAngola: modeled context not active yetBurundi: modeled context not active yetIsrael: modeled context not active yetLebanon: modeled context not active yetMadagascar: modeled context not active yetPalestine: modeled context not active yetGambia: modeled context not active yetTunisia: modeled context not active yetAlgeria: modeled context not active yetJordan: modeled context not active yetUnited Arab Emirates: modeled context not active yetQatar: modeled context not active yetKuwait: modeled context not active yetIraq: modeled context not active yetOman: modeled context not active yetVanuatu: modeled context not active yetCambodia: modeled context not active yetThailand: modeled context not active yetLaos: modeled context not active yetMyanmar: modeled context not active yetVietnam: modeled context not active yetNorth Korea: modeled context not active yetSouth Korea: modeled supply contextMongolia: modeled context not active yetIndia: modeled context not active yetBangladesh: modeled context not active yetBhutan: modeled context not active yetNepal: modeled context not active yetPakistan: modeled context not active yetAfghanistan: modeled context not active yetTajikistan: modeled context not active yetKyrgyzstan: modeled context not active yetTurkmenistan: modeled context not active yetIran: modeled context not active yetSyria: modeled context not active yetArmenia: modeled context not active yetSweden: modeled context not active yetBelarus: modeled context not active yetUkraine: modeled context not active yetPoland: modeled context not active yetAustria: modeled context not active yetHungary: modeled context not active yetMoldova: modeled context not active yetRomania: modeled context not active yetLithuania: modeled context not active yetLatvia: modeled context not active yetEstonia: modeled context not active yetGermany: modeled supply contextBulgaria: modeled context not active yetGreece: modeled context not active yetTurkey: modeled context not active yetAlbania: modeled context not active yetCroatia: modeled context not active yetSwitzerland: modeled context not active yetLuxembourg: modeled context not active yetBelgium: modeled context not active yetNetherlands: modeled context not active yetPortugal: modeled context not active yetSpain: modeled context not active yetIreland: modeled context not active yetNew Caledonia: modeled context not active yetSolomon Is.: modeled context not active yetNew Zealand: modeled context not active yetAustralia: modeled context not active yetSri Lanka: modeled context not active yetChina: modeled supply contextTaiwan: modeled supply contextItaly: modeled context not active yetDenmark: modeled context not active yetUnited Kingdom: modeled context not active yetIceland: modeled context not active yetAzerbaijan: modeled context not active yetGeorgia: modeled context not active yetPhilippines: modeled context not active yetMalaysia: modeled context not active yetBrunei: modeled context not active yetSlovenia: modeled context not active yetFinland: modeled context not active yetSlovakia: modeled context not active yetCzechia: modeled context not active yetEritrea: modeled context not active yetJapan: modeled supply contextParaguay: modeled context not active yetYemen: modeled context not active yetSaudi Arabia: modeled context not active yetN. Cyprus: modeled context not active yetCyprus: modeled context not active yetMorocco: modeled context not active yetEgypt: modeled context not active yetLibya: modeled context not active yetEthiopia: modeled context not active yetDjibouti: modeled context not active yetSomaliland: modeled context not active yetUganda: modeled context not active yetRwanda: modeled context not active yetBosnia and Herz.: modeled context not active yetMacedonia: modeled context not active yetSerbia: modeled context not active yetMontenegro: modeled context not active yetKosovo: modeled context not active yetTrinidad and Tobago: modeled context not active yetS. Sudan: modeled context not active yet
China

Critical concentration

United States

Downstream demand

Japan / South Korea

Device manufacturing

Map Legend

Critical concentration
Downstream dependency
Manufacturing / use node

Key Takeaway

Gallium risk is elevated due to by-product supply, high processing concentration, and critical semiconductor dependencies.

Modeled intelligence. Not government data.

Gallium

Element Intelligence

How Gallium functions across real-world systems and future Periodic Engine economy layers.

Element Overview

Gallium is a strategic semiconductor material used in compound semiconductors, RF systems, power electronics, LEDs, and advanced defense and electronics applications.

GaNGaAsRF SystemsPower Electronics

Sector Exposure

Critical exposure across semiconductors, defense electronics, space systems, telecom infrastructure, advanced sensors, and energy electronics.

SemiconductorsDefenseSpaceTelecom

Supply Risk

Gallium is produced as a by-product of aluminum and zinc processing. Risk stems from processing concentration, limited primary production, and dependency chains tied to high-performance electronics.

By-product SupplyProcessing Concentration

Engine Utility

In Periodic Engine, Gallium functions as a high-leverage semiconductor input used to unlock advanced chip, RF, sensor, defense, and space hardware production.

Semiconductor InputRFDefense Hardware

Future Token Role

Gallium tokens can represent refined material inputs, strategic supply claims, production requirements, contract fulfillment inputs, and market-traded scarcity assets in a future economy layer.

Material InputSupply ClaimEconomy Layer

Company Relevance

Gallium matters most to semiconductor companies, defense electronics suppliers, space hardware companies, advanced sensor companies, and high-performance communications companies.

SemiconductorsDefense ElectronicsSpace

Modeled Intelligence Scorecard

Overall Score

90/100

↑ +4

Rising

Supply Risk

96/100

High

Elevated

Strategic Value

94/100

Very High

Future Relevance

91/100

Rising

Substitution Risk

88/100

High

Hard to replace

Industry Exposure

Very High

Multi-sector

Policy Sensitivity

High

Export-sensitive

Confidence

Medium

Reviewed

Scores are modeled intelligence scores, not official government scores.•Source-backed methodology.•Reviewed Q2 2026.

Pro

Reviewed Evidence Context

Reviewed Pro evidence summaries behind this element profile.

Gallium (Ga)

Claim support summaries

See how reviewed public-safe context supports element intelligence.

Confidence and review status

Understand confidence levels and latest review signals.

Source discipline context

Broad source categories that inform the evidence.

Evidence summaries support interpretation of modeled intelligence. They do not expose scoring formulas, source-to-score mapping, reviewer notes, or internal source architecture.

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Evidence summaries support interpretation, not official ratings.

Fact Box

Chemistry

Atomic Number31
Atomic Mass69.723 u
Group13
Period4
Blockp-block
State at 20°CSolid
Melting Point29.76 °C
Boiling Point2403 °C
Density5.91 g/cm³
Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
CAS Number7440-55-3
Key Isotopes⁶⁹Ga, ⁷¹Ga

Fact Box

Strategic

Modeled StatusCritical
Genesis 12 StatusActive
Overall Score86 / 100
Supply Risk96 / 100
Substitution Risk88 / 100
Strategic Value94 / 100
Future Relevance91 / 100
Primary IndustriesSemiconductors, Defense, Telecom, Energy, Space
ReviewedQ2 2026
ConfidenceMedium

Why Gallium Matters

Gallium enables high-performance semiconductors, RF systems, and power electronics that are essential to modern digital, defense, energy, and space infrastructure.

Semiconductors

GaN and GaAs for high-performance chips

RF Electronics

5G, radar, and high-frequency systems

Defense Systems

Radar, electronic warfare, and sensors

Telecom Networks

Base stations, RF components, and filters

Space Systems

Solar cells and satellite electronics

Power Electronics

High-efficiency devices and converters

Uses & Strategic Relevance

GaN power devices

Gallium-nitride semiconductors for efficient power conversion.

RF power amplifiers

High-frequency amplifiers for wireless and base-station radios.

GaN radar systems

Compound-semiconductor modules for radar and electronic warfare.

LEDs and optoelectronics

Light-emitting diodes and optoelectronic components.

Supply-Chain Risk

Production ConcentrationHigh
Processing ConcentrationHigh
Import ExposureHigh for most downstream users
By-product DependenceBauxite & zinc processing by-product
Recycling MaturityLimited
Substitution DifficultyHigh in key applications
Export-Control SensitivityHigh

Risk Summary

Production heavily concentrated in a small number of producers.

Supply-Chain Flow

source

Bauxite/alumina feedstock

China

source

China

China

source

Bauxite/alumina feedstock

China

source

Bauxite/alumina feedstock

China

source

Bauxite/alumina feedstock

China

By-product nature means supply is tied to broader mining and refining economics, not direct demand for gallium.

Company Relationships

Strategic Company Relationships

Public-safe company relationships connected to Gallium across materials, components, devices, and downstream applications.

Company relationships are modeled intelligence relationships based on public source categories and reviewed context. They are not supplier certifications, official ratings, or confirmation of direct procurement relationships.

RT

Rio Tinto Group

Processor•Chemical conversion

Public limited

Development-stage R&D program assessing gallium extraction as a by-product of alumina processing in Canada.

GaGalliumCanadaMining & Processing

Confidence

Medium

Source

Company public materials

Last reviewed June 2026

Request source-linked briefing
AXT

AXT Inc

Wafer producer•Component manufacturing

Publicly described business producing gallium arsenide compound semiconductor substrates through China-based manufacturing operations.

GaGalliumChinaSemiconductors

Confidence

High

Source

Public company filings

Last reviewed June 2026

Open relationship intelligence →Request source-linked briefing
IQE

IQE plc

Wafer producer•Component manufacturing

Publicly described business producing compound semiconductor epitaxial wafers including gallium arsenide and gallium nitride material.

GaGalliumUnited KingdomSemiconductors

Confidence

High

Source

Public company filings

Last reviewed June 2026

SE

Sumitomo Electric Industries

Wafer producer•Component manufacturing

Publicly described business producing gallium nitride and gallium arsenide compound semiconductor substrate materials.

GaGalliumJapanSemiconductors

Confidence

Medium

Source

Company public materials

Last reviewed June 2026

Request source-linked briefing
IT

Infineon Technologies AG

Semiconductor manufacturer•Device manufacturing

Publicly described business manufacturing gallium nitride power semiconductor devices for energy and power-electronics applications.

GaGalliumGermanyEnergy

Confidence

High

Source

Company public materials

Last reviewed June 2026

MACO

MACOM Technology Solutions

Compound semiconductor firm•Device manufacturing

Publicly described business manufacturing gallium nitride on silicon carbide RF semiconductor devices for aerospace, defense and telecom markets.

GaGalliumUnited StatesTelecom

Confidence

High

Source

Public company filings

Last reviewed June 2026

Request source-linked briefing
QORV

Qorvo Inc

Compound semiconductor firm•Device manufacturing

Publicly described business manufacturing gallium arsenide and gallium nitride RF semiconductor devices for mobile and infrastructure markets.

GaGalliumUnited StatesTelecom

Confidence

High

Source

Public company filings

Last reviewed June 2026

Request source-linked briefing
5P

5N Plus Inc

Recycler•Recycling

Publicly described specialty-metals producer with primary and secondary gallium refining and recycling capability.

GaGalliumCanadaMining & Processing

Confidence

Medium

Source

Public company filings

Last reviewed June 2026

Open relationship intelligence →Request source-linked briefing

Source-linked evidence is available by briefing for eligible companies.

Request a full company briefing to unlock public-source traceability, context, and relationship details.

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Substitution Difficulty

Use CasePossible Substitute(s)TradeoffDifficulty
RF Chips (GaN/GaAs)Si, SiCLower RF efficiency, higher power lossHigh
Power ElectronicsSiC, SiliconCost, performance, system tradeoffsMedium
LEDs / OptoelectronicsOther III-V materialsEfficiency tradeoffsMedium
Solar CellsPerovskites, SiEfficiency, stability tradeoffsMedium
Defense RF SystemsLimited alternativesPerformance risk, design reworkHigh

Connected Elements

Elements often analyzed alongside Gallium.

GeGermaniumOften recovered together as by-products of base-metal refining.SiSiliconPaired across semiconductor substrates and compound devices.TaTantalumBoth serve high-reliability electronic components.CuCopperPower, grid, electronicsNdNeodymiumMagnets, motorsDyDysprosiumMagnets, high performanceLiLithiumBatteries, energyWTungstenAlloys, high heat

How to Read This Profile

Periodic Engine modeled intelligence scores combine public source data, industry insights, supply-chain analysis, and technology relevance to assess strategic importance and risk.

Source Categories

USGS

U.S. Geological Survey

DOE

U.S. Department of Energy

IEA

International Energy Agency

EU Commission

EU Commission

PubChem

Chemical database

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Industry

Industry reports & associations

View Methodology
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